“Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. (41 Neither kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43 .”
[A] subtle [B]obvious [C]mysterious [D]doubtful
答案:[C] mysterious
分析:此篇文章有非常明確的中心主線。文章首句-Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep.(睡眠分為兩種:REM sleep和非REM sleep),探討兩種睡眠就是本文的主題。下一句- 41(答案:Neither) kind of sleep is at all well-understood(兩種睡眠都沒有被很好地理解),這就是文章的基本導(dǎo)向。
“Companies (41with) low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them 42 and active.”
[A]alive[B]vivid[C]mobile[D]diverse
答案:[A]alive
分析:從本題所處的句子結(jié)構(gòu)來看,to keep them 42 and active,本題的選項受到兩個已知信息點的控制:一個是對them起修飾作用;再有是與后邊的另一個形容詞active之間形成并列的關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系,而且形容詞active同樣也是修飾them。從這兩個信息點來看,能夠同時滿足這兩點的選項是[A]alive,表示them(safety programs安全制度)是既alive(有效)又active(被廣泛執(zhí)行)。選項[B]vivid(栩栩如生的)和[C]mobile(移動的)與被修飾成份them(safety programs安全制度)之間根本就沒有同質(zhì)性,構(gòu)不成修飾關(guān)系;而[D]diverse(多種多樣的)雖然可以修飾them,但與active沒有關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系。
例如:2002年完型試題的33題
“As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as 33 .”
實際上前邊3個已知的形容詞就是33題的關(guān)聯(lián)成分,通過分析這3個已知形容詞的特征就可以確定本題的答案。smaller / powerful / personal這3個詞首先都是修飾計算機本身的變化,而且其導(dǎo)向都是指計算機變得越來越容易使用(easier to use);因此,33題我們也要挑選一個具有此特征的詞。選項[C]fundamental (根本的,本質(zhì)上的)和[B]universal(普遍的)不能用來修飾computers,兩者沒有同質(zhì)性。選項[D]instrumental (儀器的)不具有前3個形容詞的特征,沒有表述出計算機變得好用這個概念。只有選項[A]institutional (制度化的)在此處形容計算機變得模塊化了,因而有統(tǒng)一的裝配和操作標(biāo)準(zhǔn),也就意味著computers became easier to use。
“But they insisted that its (指工業(yè)革命) 43 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the 44 of the English population. 45 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a 46 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.”
46. [A] broadly [B] thoroughly [C] generally [D] completely
43.答案: [D] immediate
分析:本題考查形容詞的詞義辨析,關(guān)鍵要注意的已知信息點是后邊的一個時間段during the period from 1750 to 1850。 正是這個時間段決定了不可能選擇[A] momentary、[B] prompt以及[C] instant這三個均表示“時間短”的詞。而immediate除了立即的含義外,還包括邏輯上的“直接”的意思,本題在這里就是要表達工業(yè)革命“直接的結(jié)果”這個意思,所以[D] immediate為最佳選項。
“It is generally recognized, ( 29 however ), that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 30 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process.”
“If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47. He must either sell some of his property or (48 seek) extra funds in form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low (49 rate) of interest, but loans of this kind are not 50 obtainable.”
分析:本題處在一個總述句中:If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47。在此句話之前,文章都是在講If surplus is available(有贏余的情況下),農(nóng)民的生活如何;實際上,從文章結(jié)構(gòu)來看,從本題開始出現(xiàn)了另一個意群,而If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47為這個意群的總述句,即如果沒有贏余,農(nóng)民會怎樣?所以,僅僅看本題所在的句子所包含的已知信息是不夠的,還要看其他地方的相關(guān)已知信息,這個關(guān)鍵的相關(guān)已知信息就在分述部分;因為總述部分是對分述部分的高度概括,只要總結(jié)出分述部分,本題答案就迎刃而解。
總結(jié)一下分述部分很容易判斷出47題的答案一定是[B]self-sufficient,因為總述句中的not be self-sufficient恰恰是對分述的最佳概括。
例如:1999年完型試題的45題——應(yīng)用于動詞的例子
“Successful safety programs may 45 greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by (46 observing) rules or regulations. (47 Still) others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.”
“Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened (21). As was discussed before, it was not ( 22 ) the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic ( 23 ) , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the ( 24 ) of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution ( 25 ) up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading ( 26 ) through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures ( 27 ) the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in ( 28 ) . It is important to do so.?
21.[A]between[B]before[C]since[D]later
答案:between分析:解除本題所考查的介詞處于文章的總述部分——“作者要在兩個時間階段之間做比較。然后說:但是很多事情發(fā)生了”。再去總結(jié)分述部分——“文章首段講19世紀(jì)出現(xiàn)了許多信息產(chǎn)品”,正好支持總述的much had happened,19世紀(jì)處于兩個時間段之間,答案一定是between。
“Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements--usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and 45 nitrogen. They are different 46 their elements are arranged differently.”
46. [A] in that [B] so that [C] such that [D] except that
答案:[A] in that分析:本題應(yīng)用“對應(yīng)成份分析法”,分析如下:本題所在的這句話的句子結(jié)構(gòu)與本段的第一句的結(jié)構(gòu)一模一樣:通過上述分析,可以非常明確地看出46題與上句中的because形成對應(yīng),也就是說46題再選出一個表示because的選項,答案為[A] in that。例如:1996年完型試題的第49題
“(48 Getting)enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for 49 vitamins.”